In this regard, considering the number of studies showing that CaCl 2 application reduces rain-induced cracking, an overall decrease in the expression of aquaporins following this treatment could be expected. The involvement of AQPs in cherry cracking may be explained, among other things, by their role in transcellular water movement from flesh to skin, or by allowing water partition between symplast and apoplast, alleviating both stress and strain on the skin of the growing fruit. In this study, we characterized for the first time a plasma membrane sweet cherry aquaporin able to transport water and H 2O 2 that is upregulated by the pre-harvest exogenous application of CaCl 2 supplements. The transient expression of PaPIP1 4-GFP in tobacco epidermal cells and the overexpression of PaPIP1 4 in YSH1172 yeast mutation showed that PaPIP1 4 is a plasma membrane protein able to transport water and hydrogen peroxide. Results show that PaPIP1 4 was mostly expressed in the fruit peduncle, but its steady-state transcript levels were higher in fruits from CaCl 2-treated plants than in controls. Field experiments focused on the pre-harvest exogenous application to sweet cherry trees, cultivar Skeena, with a solution of 0.5% CaCl 2, which is the most common treatment to prevent cracking. In the present study, we performed the functional characterization of PaPIP1 4, the most expressed aquaporin in sweet cherry fruit. The involvement of aquaporins in rain-induced sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) fruit cracking is an important research topic with potential agricultural applications.
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